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L55-81 binds specifically to GM2 ganglioside; this antibody shows no reactivity towards GM1, GM3, GD2 or normal tissues- the L55-81 epitope contains both a GalNAc and sialic acid bound to lactose. Ganglioside GM2 (GalNAc Beta 1-4(NeuNAc alpha 2-3)Gal Beta 1-4Glc Beta -1ceramide) is a glycosphingolipid present on the cell surface and a major tumor-differentiation antigen in human melanoma and hepatoma.
Ganglioside GM2 is a glycosphingolipid found in the plasma membrane of cells, particularly in the nervous system. It is composed of a ceramide lipid tail and a complex carbohydrate head group that contains sialic acid residues. The function of Ganglioside GM2 is not fully understood, but it is believed to play a role in cell signaling and communication, as well as in the formation and maintenance of the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve cells. Mutations in the genes responsible for the synthesis or degradation of Ganglioside GM2 can result in various neurological disorders, including Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease.
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