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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are an evolutionarily conserved family that use ATP hydrolysis to catalyze the transport of various molecules across cell membranes. They are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). ABCA7, a member of the ABC1 subfamily, is a full-size ABC transporter consisting of two sets of the multiple membrane-spanning domains plus the Walker motifs for the ATP interaction. ABCA7 shows the highest homology to ABCA1, an essential molecule for cholesterol homeostasis. The high expression levels of ABCA7 in peripheral leukocytes, thymus, spleen and bone marrow suggests a role in the immune system lipid homeostasis.
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