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产品信息
Z2347MS
产品规格
种属反应
Human
宿主/亚型
Mouse
/ IgG2b, kappa
分类
Monoclonal
类型
Antibody
克隆号
ZM12
抗原
Recombinant human Chromogranin A protein
偶联物
Unconjugated
形式
Liquid
浓度
200 µg/mL
纯化类型
Protein A
保存液
tris with BSA, NP-40
内含物
<0.1% sodium azide
保存条件
4° C
运输条件
Ambient (domestic); Wet ice (international)
产品详细信息
A recommended positive control tissue for this product is Pancreas, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.
The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.
Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining, and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.
Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.
A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.
Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.
靶标信息
Chromogranin A (CHGA) is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. It is found in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocine cells. CHGA is a precursor to three biologically active peptides: vasostatin, pancreastatin, and parastatin. These peptides act as autocine or paracrine negative modulators of the neuroendocrine system. CHGA is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheo-chromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuro-endocrine tumors. Coexpression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms.
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生物信息学
蛋白别名: betagranin (N-terminal fragment of chromogranin A); catestatin; CgA; chromofungin; Chromogranin-A; CTNNB; DKFZp686D02253; FLJ25606; FLJ37923; MGC105435; parathyroid secretory protein 1; Pituitary secretory protein I; SP-I
基因别名: CGA; CHGA
UniProt ID: (Human) Q9BQB5
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 1113
regulation of the force of heart contraction
mast cell chemotaxis
organelle organization
regulation of blood pressure
positive regulation of cAMP metabolic process
killing of cells of other organism
mast cell cytokine production
negative regulation of catecholamine secretion
ovulation cycle
mast cell degranulation
innate immune response
mast cell activation
negative regulation of vasodilation
defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
defense response to fungus
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle relaxation
positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of neuron death
positive regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle
positive regulation of dense core granule biogenesis
