•活性氧:处于环境压力下的细胞通常含有超高水平的活性氧(ROS)。CellROX试剂是为检测和定量活细胞中的ROS而开发的荧光探针。这些细胞通透性试剂在还原态时不发荧光或发微弱的荧光;在被氧化后,就发出明亮的荧光且依旧位于细胞内。我们提供已通过流式细胞术验证的CellROX Green(货号C10492)CellROX Orange(货号C10493)和CellROX Deep Red(货号C10491)检测试剂盒。
固定细胞检测:用FxCycle Violet染色剂(货号F10347)、SYTOX AADvanced 死细胞染色试剂盒(货号S10349)或FxCycle Far Red染色剂(货号F10348)分析细胞周期,为简单固定的细胞周期分析提供了多色选择。
细胞增殖:
染料稀释检测细胞增殖:染料稀释检测细胞增殖依赖细胞膜透过性荧光分子。染料进入到细胞后,共价结合蛋白质的氨基基团,导致染料长期保留在细胞中。通过随后的细胞分裂,每个子代细胞大约会分到亲代一半的荧光。采用流式细胞仪对细胞群的荧光强度进行分析,可以某个细胞或细胞群自标记之后的增殖情况,判定其传代次数。CellTrace荧光染色剂可在不影响细胞形态和生理功能的条件下,在体内或体外追踪传代情况。目前尚未发现该染色剂对细胞增殖活性或细胞生物学功能有影响。染色后,染料可在细胞内稳定保留若干天。可用于流式细胞仪的试剂盒包括CellTrace CFSE细胞增殖试剂盒(货号No. C34554)CellTrace Violet细胞增殖试剂盒(货号 C34557)和CellTrace Far Red细胞增殖试剂盒(货号 C34564)。
DNA合成检测:测定新合成的DNA是准确分析某个细胞或细胞群细胞增殖情况的方法。基于DNA合成的细胞增殖检测可根据掺入的修饰核苷,测定DNA合成速率。Click-iT Plus EdU细胞增殖检测利用了click化学试剂和修饰的核苷EdU,为BrdU染色提供了出色的替代方法,可用于检测和定量新合成的DNA数量。Pacific Blue(货号C10636)、Alexa Fluor 488(货号C10632和C10633)和Alexa Fluor 647(货号C10634和C10635)可用于Click-iT Plus EdU细胞增殖检测。
My cell cycle data show a single peak, not a proper cell cycle profile. How can I fix this?
There are several factors that contribute to the quality of the cell cycle profile. Cell number, dye concentration, incubation temperature, incubation time, flow rate (on a traditional flow cytometer utilizing hydrodynamic focusing), total number of cells acquired, elimination of dead cells, and removal of aggregates from data analysis should all be considered when analyzing the cell cycle.
What cellular processes can be analyzed with a flow cytometer?
-Calcium flux: Each of the Oregon Green calcium indicators binds intracellular calcium with increasing affinity, providing a sensitivity range to match many applications. Oregon Green probes emit green fluorescence at resting levels of Ca2+ and increase their fluorescence intensity 14-fold with increasing Ca2+ concentration. The cell-permeant formulation (Cat. No. O6807) can be loaded in cell media and is compatible with flow cytometry.
-Rhodamine-based calcium indicators comprise a range of probes for large or small changes in Ca2+ concentration. They exhibit a 50-fold increase in fluorescence upon calcium binding and offer a range of wavelengths that can be used in conjunction with GFP or green-fluorescent dyes for multiplexing. Rhod-2, AM (Cat. No. R1245MP), in particular, localizes to mitochondria and can be used with flow cytometry.
-Membrane potential: A distinctive feature of the early stages of apoptosis is the disruption of the mitochondria, including changes in membrane and redox potential. We offer a range of products specifically designed to assay mitochondrial membrane potential in live cells by flow cytometry, with minimal disruption of cellular function. The MitoProbe family of mitochondrial stains (Cat. Nos. M34150, M34151, and M34152) provide quick, easy, and reliable flow cytometric detection of the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential that occurs during apoptosis. MitoTracker dyes (Cat. Nos. M7510 and M7512) are membrane potential-dependent probes for staining mitochondria in live cells. The staining pattern of MitoTracker dyes is retained throughout subsequent flow cytometry immunocytochemistry, DNA end labeling, in situ hybridization, or counterstaining steps. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Assay (Cat. No. M34153) provides a more direct method of measuring mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening than assays relying on mitochondrial membrane potential alone. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is a non-specific channel formed by components from the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, and appears to be involved in the release of mitochondrial components during cell death.
-Phagocytosis: In phagocytosis, cells internalize particulate matter such as microorganisms, and this process is important for immune responses and during the clearance of apoptotic cells. Probes for studying phagocytosis include BioParticles indicators—bacteria and yeast labeled with fluorescent dyes.
-Tracking phagocytosis using a quench/wash-based assay can report on simple uptake, or a pH indicator can be used to monitor stages in the pathway. We have no-wash assays labeled with pHrodo Red or Green (Cat. Nos. A10010, P35361, P35364, P35365, P35366, and P35367) and no-wash assays for whole blood (Cat. Nos. A10025, A10026, P35381, and P35382), all suitable for flow cytometry.
-pH changes: Sensitive pH determinations can be made in a physiological range using either fluorescent intensity or ratiometric measurements. pHrodo dyes (Cat. Nos. P35373 and P35372) provide signal intensity modulation from pH 2 to pH 9 and with a choice of fluorescent wavelengths. Tracking internalization of fluorescent dextran is a routine method for analyzing pH changes in cellular compartments. Dextran conjugates of pHrodo dyes (Cat. Nos. P35368 and P10361) provide the most complete solution by allowing discrimination of vesicles from early endosomes to lysosomes, with no quench or wash required.
-Reactive oxygen species: Cells that are environmentally stressed usually contain greatly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CellROX reagents are fluorogenic probes developed for the detection and quantitation of ROS in live cells. These cell-permeant reagents are non-fluorescent or very weakly fluorescent in the reduced state; however, when oxidized, they become brightly fluorescent and remain localized within the cell. We offer CellROX Green (Cat. No. C10492), CellROX Orange (Cat. No. C10493), and CellROX Deep Red (Cat. No. C10491) Assay Kits validated for flow cytometry.
Overcoming the inherent chemoresistance of pancreatic cancers remains a major goal of therapeutic investigations in this disease. In this study, we discovered a role for the human concentrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hCNT1; SLC28A1), a high-affinity pyrimidine nucleoside transporter, in determining the chemosensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, the drug ... More
A microfluidic processor for gene expression profiling of single human embryonic stem cells.
Authors:Zhong JF, Chen Y, Marcus JS, Scherer A, Quake SR, Taylor CR, Weiner LP,
Journal:Lab Chip
PubMed ID:18094763
'The gene expression of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) is a critical aspect for understanding the normal and pathological development of human cells and tissues. Current bulk gene expression assays rely on RNA extracted from cell and tissue samples with various degree of cellular heterogeneity. These ''cell population averaging'' data ... More
A novel method for long term bone marrow culture and genetic modification of murine neutrophils via retroviral transduction.
Authors:Zemans RL, Briones N, Young SK, Malcolm KC, Refaeli Y, Downey GP, Worthen GS,
Journal:J Immunol Methods
PubMed ID:19010330
'Neutrophils are a critical component of the innate immune response to invading microbial pathogens. However, an excessive and/or prolonged neutrophil response can result in tissue injury that is thought to underlie the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. The development of novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases depends on an improved ... More
'Many common, important diseases are either caused or exacerbated by hyperactivation (e.g., cancer) or inactivation (e.g., heart failure) of the cell division cycle. A better understanding of the cell cycle is critical for interpreting numerous types of physiological changes in cells. Moreover, new insights into how to control it will ... More
Transcription factor BORIS (Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites) directly induces expression of a cancer-testis antigen, TSP50, through regulated binding of BORIS to the promoter.
'Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are normally expressed in testis but are aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers with varying frequency. More than 100 proteins have been identified as CTA including testes-specific protease 50 (TSP50) and the testis-specific paralogue of CCCTC-binding factor, BORIS (brother of the regulator of imprinted sites). Because ... More